Training packet sending method and apparatus

ABSTRACT

A training packet sending method and apparatus, where the method includes generating, by a first device, a training packet, where the training packet includes a preamble, a header, and a training field, and the header includes at least a legacy header, and repeatedly sending, by the first device, the preamble using N channels, sending the legacy header in the header using the N channels, and sending the training field to at least one second device using H channels of the N channels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/182,064, filed on Nov. 6, 2018, which is a continuation ofInternational Patent Application No. PCT/CN2016/081333 filed on May 6,2016. All of the aforementioned patent applications are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the field of wireless communicationstechnologies, and in particular, to a training packet sending method andapparatus.

BACKGROUND

In high-frequency communication, especially on a millimeter-wave band,an attenuation degree of a transmit signal is far greater than that at alower frequency (6 gigahertz (GHz)). To reduce attenuation of ahigh-frequency signal, the signal is usually sent using beams. When beambandwidth is sufficiently narrow, a transmit end and a receive end canreach a specific communication distance and transmission rate. However,when the beam is excessively narrow, it is very difficult for thetransmit end and the receive end to discover each other, and when thebeam is excessively wide, an antenna gain is not high, and an idealtransmission rate cannot be obtained. Therefore, in the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ad standard, SectorLevel Sweep (SLS) is designed to implement device discovery and sectorlevel beam sweep, and a beam refinement protocol (BRP) is designed tooptimize a receive beam and a transmit beam. According to stipulationsin the BRP, both a receiving party and a sending party can implementbeam training and beam tracking by sending a BRP packet. IEEE 802.11adsupports only transmission on a single antenna (single radio frequencychannel) on a single 2.16 GHz channel. To improve a throughput of awireless local area network (WLAN), support of a channel bonding (CB)technology and a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology in anIEEE 802.11ad based framework is currently under discussion in IEEE802.11ay. However, in a current BRP, a BRP packet is designed for a casein which a single 2.16 GHz channel is supported. Therefore, there is nodefinite solution to how the transmit end sends the BRP packet on aplurality of channels.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of this application provide a training packet sending methodand apparatus to implement beam training in a WLAN that uses amulti-channel transmission technology.

An embodiment of this application provides a training packet sendingmethod, including generating, by a first device, a training packet,where the training packet includes a preamble, a header, and a trainingfield, and the header includes at least a legacy header, and repeatedlysending, by the first device, the preamble using N channels, sending thelegacy header in the header using the N channels, and sending thetraining field to at least one second device using H channels of the Nchannels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greater than 1 and lessthan or equal to N.

According to the method provided in this embodiment of this application,after performing CB on the N channels, the first device may repeatedlysend the preamble in the training packet using the N channels, send thelegacy header in the header in the training packet using the N channels,and send the training field using the H channels of the N channels, tocomplete sending of the training packet using a CB technology. Inaddition, because the training field may be sent on the H channels ofthe N channels, complexity of measuring a device using the trainingfield can be reduced. Configurations for sending the training field maybe different on the channels. For example, training field lengths may bedifferent, or antennas used for sending the training field may bedifferent. Therefore, flexibility of sending the training field can beimproved.

Optionally, the data field is located after the header and before thetraining field, and the first device sends the data field using Jchannels of the N channels and M wideband channels, where an i^(th)wideband channel of the M wideband channels includes K_(i) adjacentchannels in the N channels and guard bandwidth between the K_(i)adjacent channels, M is greater than or equal to 0,

${P = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{M}K_{i}}},$J+P=N, and J is greater than or equal to 0.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

According to the method provided in this embodiment of this application,the training length field is used to indicate the length of the trainingfield that is sent on the same channel as the legacy header such thatthe second device that receives the training field can rapidly determineinformation such as the length of the training field, to rapidly measurea channel based on the training field.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

According to the method provided in this embodiment of this application,the training field channel indication information is used to indicatethe channel occupied by the training field such that the second devicecan rapidly determine the training field and receive the training field,thereby improving efficiency.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by the data field.

According to the method provided in this embodiment of this application,the data field channel indication information is used to indicate thechannel occupied by the data field such that the second device canrapidly determine the data field and receive the data field, therebyimproving efficiency.

Optionally, the header further includes a new header, and both the datafield channel indication information and the training field channelindication information are located in the new header in the header, boththe data field channel indication information and the training fieldchannel indication information are located in the legacy header in theheader, or the data field channel indication information is located inthe new header in the header, and the training field channel indicationinformation is located in the legacy header in the header.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and the bit indicates that the training field occupies achannel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit when a value of abit in the bitmap is a preset value.

According to the foregoing method, the channel of the N channels that isoccupied by the training field can be concisely and intuitivelyindicated using the bitmap.

Optionally, the sending, by the first device, the training field to atleast one second device using H channels of the N channels includessending, by the first device, the training field to the at least onesecond device using preset H channels in the N channels.

Optionally, the training field includes only the following Golaysequences, Ga64, Gb64, Ga128, and Gb128.

An embodiment of this application provides a training packet receivingmethod, including receiving, by a second device on L channels of Nchannels, a training field sent by a first device using a trainingpacket, where the training packet includes a preamble, a headerincluding at least a legacy header, and a training field, the preambleis repeatedly sent by the first device using the N channels, the legacyheader in the header is sent by the first device using the N channels,and the training field is sent by the first device using H channels ofthe N channels, where N is greater than 1, H is greater than 1 and lessthan or equal to N, and L is less than or equal to H, and measuring, bythe second device, the L channels based on the received training field,and determining measurement results of the L channels.

According to the method provided in this embodiment of this application,the second device receives the training field on the L channels of the Hchannels on which the first device sends the training field, anddetermines the measurement results of the L channels based on thereceived training field to implement channel measurement.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by a data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and when a value of a bit in the bitmap is a preset value, thebit indicates that the training field occupies a channel of the Nchannels that corresponds to the bit.

Optionally, after the determining measurement results of the L channels,the method further includes feeding back, by the second device, themeasurement results to the first device, where the measurement resultsinclude L channel measurement results and L channel identifiers, and onechannel identifier uniquely corresponds to one channel measurementresult and is used to indicate a channel to which the channelmeasurement result corresponding to the channel identifier belongs,where each channel measurement result includes at least one of thefollowing a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI), an optimal sector identifier, and channelmeasurement information, or the measurement results include a weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and a maximum-probabilityoptimal sector identifier, where the weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is determined based on Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, and themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier is determined based on Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels.

An embodiment of this application provides a training packet sendingapparatus, including a processing unit configured to generate a trainingpacket, where the training packet includes a preamble, a header, and atraining field, and the header includes at least a legacy header, and atransceiver unit configured to repeatedly send the preamble using Nchannels, send the legacy header in the header using the N channels, andsend the training field to at least one second device using H channelsof the N channels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greater than 1and less than or equal to N.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by a data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and the bit indicates that the training field occupies achannel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit when a value of abit in the bitmap is a preset value.

Optionally, the processing unit is further configured to send thetraining field to the at least one second device using preset H channelsin the N channels.

Optionally, the training field includes only the following Golaysequences, Ga64, Gb64, Ga128, and Gb128.

An embodiment of this application provides a training packet receivingapparatus, including a transceiver unit configured to receive, on Lchannels of N channels, a training field sent by a first device using atraining packet, where the training packet includes a preamble, a headerincluding at least a legacy header, and a training field, the preambleis repeatedly sent by the first device using the N channels, the legacyheader in the header is sent by the first device using the N channels,and the training field is sent by the first device using H channels ofthe N channels, where N is greater than 1, H is greater than 1 and lessthan or equal to N, and L is less than or equal to H, and a processingunit configured to measure the L channels based on the received trainingfield, and determine measurement results of the L channels.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by a data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and the bit indicates that the training field occupies achannel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit when a value of abit in the bitmap is a preset value.

Optionally, after determining the measurement results of the L channels,the transceiver unit is further configured to feedback the measurementresults to the first device, where the measurement results include Lchannel measurement results and L channel identifiers, and one channelidentifier uniquely corresponds to one channel measurement result and isused to indicate a channel to which the channel measurement resultcorresponding to the channel identifier belongs, where each channelmeasurement result includes at least one of the following asignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, an RSSI, an optimal sectoridentifier, and channel measurement information, or the measurementresults include a weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and amaximum-probability optimal sector identifier, where the weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is determined based on Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, and themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier is determined based on Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels.

An embodiment of this application provides a training packet sendingapparatus, including a processor configured to generate a trainingpacket, where the training packet includes a preamble, a header, and atraining field, and the header includes at least a legacy header, and atransceiver configured to repeatedly send the preamble using N channels,send the legacy header in the header using the N channels, and send thetraining field to at least one second device using H channels of the Nchannels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greater than 1 and lessthan or equal to N.

Optionally, the training packet further includes a data field, and thedata field is located after the header and before the training field,and the transceiver is further configured to send the data field using Jchannels of the N channels and M wideband channels, where an i^(th)wideband channel of the M wideband channels includes K_(i) adjacentchannels in the N channels and guard bandwidth between the K_(i)adjacent channels, M is greater than or equal to 0,

${P = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{M}\; K_{i}}},$J+P=N, and J is greater than or equal to 0.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by the data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and the bit indicates that the training field occupies achannel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit when a value of abit in the bitmap is a preset value.

Optionally, the processor is further configured to send the trainingfield to the at least one second device using preset H channels in the Nchannels.

Optionally, the training field includes only the following Golaysequences, Ga64, Gb64, Ga128, and Gb128.

An embodiment of this application provides a training packet receivingapparatus, including a transceiver configured to receive, on L channelsof N channels, a training field sent by a first device using a trainingpacket, where the training packet includes a preamble, a headerincluding at least a legacy header, and a training field, the preambleis repeatedly sent by the first device using the N channels, the legacyheader in the header is sent by the first device using the N channels,and the training field is sent by the first device using H channels ofthe N channels, where N is greater than 1, H is greater than 1 and lessthan or equal to N, and L is less than or equal to H, and a processorconfigured to measure the L channels based on the received trainingfield, and determine measurement results of the L channels.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header further includes training field channelindication information, and the training field channel indicationinformation is used to indicate a channel occupied by the trainingfield.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by a data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and the bit indicates that the training field occupies achannel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit when a value of abit in the bitmap is a preset value.

Optionally, after determining the measurement results of the L channels,the transceiver is further configured to feedback the measurementresults to the first device, where the measurement results include Lchannel measurement results and L channel identifiers, and one channelidentifier uniquely corresponds to one channel measurement result and isused to indicate a channel to which the channel measurement resultcorresponding to the channel identifier belongs, where each channelmeasurement result includes at least one of asignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, an RSSI, an optimal sectoridentifier, and channel measurement information, or the measurementresults include a weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and amaximum-probability optimal sector identifier, where the weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is determined based on Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, and themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier is determined based on Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a typical WLAN deploymentscenario;

FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram of another typical WLAN deploymentscenario;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a training packet sending methodaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C are schematic diagrams of a channelaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of training packet sending according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of training packet sending according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of training packet sending according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet sendingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet sendingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application; and

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The embodiments of this application may be applied to a WLAN, and may beapplied to any one of IEEE 802.11 series protocols currently used by theWLAN. The WLAN may include one or more basic service sets (BSSs), andnetwork nodes in the BSS include an access point (AP) and a Station(STA). Based on the original BSS, a personal BSS (PBSS) and a PBSScontrol point (PCP) are introduced into IEEE 802.11ad. Each personal BSSmay include one AP/PCP and a plurality of non-PCP STAs associated withthe AP/PCP. In the embodiments of this application, the non-PCP STA isreferred to as a STA.

The AP is also referred to as an AP, a hotspot, or the like. The AP isan AP using which a mobile subscriber accesses a wired network, and ismainly deployed in home, inside a building, or in a campus with atypical coverage radius of tens to hundreds of meters, and certainly mayalso be deployed outdoors. The AP is equivalent to a bridge connecting awired network and a wireless network. A main function of the AP is toconnect wireless network clients, and then connect the wireless networkto an Ethernet network. Further, the AP may be a terminal device or anetwork device having a WI-FI chip. Optionally, the AP/PCP may supportthe IEEE 802.11ay protocol. Further optionally, the AP/PCP may be adevice that supports any one or more of IEEE 802.11 series protocolssuch as IEEE 802.11ad.

The STA may be a terminal device having a WI-FI chip, for example, amobile phone that supports a WI-FI communication function, a tabletcomputer that supports a WI-FI communication function, a set-top boxthat supports a WI-FI communication function, a smart television (TV)that supports a WI-FI communication function, an intelligent wearabledevice that supports a WI-FI communication function, a vehicularcommunications device that supports a WI-FI communication function, anda computer that supports a WI-FI communication function. Optionally, theSTA may support the IEEE 802.11ay protocol. Further optionally, the STAmay support any one or more of IEEE 802.11 series protocols such as IEEE802.11ad. The STA supporting IEEE 802.11ad may also be referred to as aDirectional multi-gigabit (DMG) STA, and the STA supporting IEEE802.11ay may be referred to as an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) STA. The DMG STAand the EDMG STA are referred to as a STA in the embodiments of thisapplication.

In the embodiments of this application, a first device may be a STA, ormay be an AP/PCP. Correspondingly, a second device may be a STA, or maybe an AP/PCP.

FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a typical WLAN deploymentscenario. FIG. 1 includes one AP/PCP and three STAs. The AP/PCPseparately communicates with a STA 1, a STA 2, and a STA 3 to form aPBSS.

A plurality of PBSSs may coexist in the WLAN deployment scenario. FIG. 2is a schematic system diagram of another typical WLAN deploymentscenario. In the scenario shown in FIG. 2, an AP/PCP 1, a STA 1, and aSTA 5 are located in a same BSS, and an AP/PCP 2, a STA 2, a STA 3, anda STA 4 are located in another PBSS.

Based on the foregoing description, FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of atraining packet sending method according to an embodiment of thisapplication.

Step 301: A first device generates a training packet, where the trainingpacket includes a preamble, a header, and a training field, and theheader includes at least a legacy header.

In this embodiment of this application, the training packet generated bythe first device is a data packet used for beam training. In a possibleimplementation, the training packet is a BRP packet defined in IEEE802.11ad, and includes a preamble, a legacy header (also referred to asL-Header), a data field, and a training field. The legacy header hereinis a DMG header, namely, a DMG header in IEEE 802.11ad, and is alsoreferred to as a non-enhanced DMG (Non-EDMG) header as customary. Thetraining packet may alternatively be an enhanced BRP (eBRP) packet thatis newly defined in IEEE 802.11ay, for example, including some newfields or lacking a data field. This may be determined based on anactual case, and is not limited herein.

In this embodiment of this application, the header is also referred toas a physical header (PHY header), which is used to indicate a field ofa transport format of a physical layer packet, and used to indicate aformat of the data field and/or a format of the training field. Theheader may include at least one of a legacy header, a new header, andthe like.

Step 302: The first device repeatedly sends the preamble using Nchannels, sends the legacy header in the header using the N channels,and sends the training field to at least one second device using Hchannels of the N channels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greaterthan 1 and less than or equal to N.

Step 303: The second device receives, on L channels of the N channels,the training field sent by the first device using the training packet,where the training packet includes the preamble, the header including atleast the legacy header, and the training field, the preamble isrepeatedly sent by the first device using the N channels, the legacyheader in the header is sent by the first device using the N channels,and the training field is sent by the first device using the H channelsof the N channels, where N is greater than 1, H is greater than 1 andless than or equal to N, and L is less than or equal to H.

Step 304: The second device measures the L channels based on thereceived training field, and determines measurement results of the Lchannels.

In step 301, the preamble in the training packet generated by the firstdevice includes a short training field (STF) and a channel estimationfield (CEF). The first device generates the preamble in a mannerspecified in the IEEE 802.11ad protocol. It should be noted that the STFis also referred to as a legacy STF, which is also referred to as anL-STF, and the CEF is also referred to as a legacy CEF, which is alsoreferred to as an L-CEF. Because the STF and the CEF are also used inthe IEEE 802.11ad protocol for transfer mode identification, there are acontrol mode and a non-control mode for the STF. The non-control modeincludes a single-carrier (SC) mode and an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) mode, which include Gb128 and Ga128, respectively.An STF in the control mode includes 48 positive Gb128s, one negativeGb128, and one negative Ga128, namely,

$\underset{\underset{48}{︸}}{G_{b\; 128}\mspace{14mu}\cdots\mspace{14mu} G_{b\; 128}\mspace{14mu} G_{b\; 128}} - G_{b\; 128} - {G_{a\; 128}.}$An STF in the non-control mode includes 16 positive Ga128s and onenegative Ga128, namely,

$\underset{\underset{16}{︸}}{G_{a\; 128}\mspace{14mu}\cdots\mspace{14mu} G_{a\; 128}\mspace{14mu} G_{a\; 128}} - {G_{a\; 128}.}$CEFs in the SC mode and the OFDM mode also have different formats. TheCEF in the SC mode is [Gu512, Gv512, Gv128], and the CEF in the OFDMmode is [Gv512, Gu512, Gv128].

Gu512=[−Gb128, −Ga128, Gb128, −Ga128], Gv512=[−Gb128, Ga128, −Gb128,−Ga128], and Gv128=[−Gb128]. Ga and Gb represent a pair of complementaryGolay codes, and G128 represents a Golay sequence having a length of 128code elements.

The header of the training packet generated by the first device includesat least the legacy header. Because a header (that is, a legacy header)in IEEE 802.11ad has three different forms, a control mode, an SC mode,and an OFDM mode, a legacy header in an IEEE 802.11ay packet may be sentin the three forms, or may be sent in two of the forms, for example, inonly the control mode and the SC mode.

The header in the training packet generated by the first device mayfurther include a new header that is located after the legacy header.Specific content of the new header is in an IEEE 802.11ay format, andsupports a transfer mode that is not supported by the legacy header. Thenew header is a newly added EDMG header in IEEE 802.11ay. Certainly, theEDMG header herein may also be divided into a plurality of segments, forexample, an EDMG header-A and an EDMG header-B. This is not limitedherein.

If the header in the training packet generated by the first devicefurther includes the new header, in step 302, the first device may sendthe new header in the header using the N channels.

The training packet generated by the first device may further include anew STF and a new CEF that are after the header. Specific content of thenew-STF and the new-CEF is in an IEEE 802.11ay format. The new-STF andthe new-CEF may occur when the L-STF and the L-CEF that are in thepreamble cannot provide an accurate automatic gain control (AGC) gainand channel estimation for the data field, for example, when the datafield is transmitted in a MIMO and/or CB manner.

The training packet generated by the first device may further includethe data field, and the data field is located after the header andbefore the training field. The first device may send the data fieldusing J channels of the N channels and M wideband channels. An i^(th)wideband channel of the M wideband channels includes K_(i) adjacentchannels in the N channels and guard bandwidth between the K_(i)adjacent channels, M is greater than or equal to 0,

${P = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{M}\; K_{i}}},$J+P=N, and J is greater than or equal to 0. Correspondingly, the firstdevice may send the new STF and the new CEF using the J channels of theN channels and the M wideband channels.

It should be noted that channels included in any two wideband channelsare not necessarily the same. To be specific, the i^(th) widebandchannel of the M wideband channels includes the K_(i) adjacent channelsin the N channels and the guard bandwidth between the K_(i) adjacentchannels, where i={1, . . . , M}.

The data field in the training packet generated by the first device maybe generated in a manner stipulated in IEEE 802.11ad. For example, adata rate is adjusted using different modulation and coding schemes(MCS), and a variable range of the MCS in IEEE 802.11ad is from MCS 0 toMCS 24. Alternatively, the data field may be generated in an MCS mannernewly stipulated in IEEE 802.11ay. In addition to modulation and coding,there may be other processing, for example, scrambling, spreading, andinterleaving. This is not limited herein.

It should be noted that, if the data field in the training packetgenerated by the first device is separately sent on the N channels, thatis, J is equal to N and M is equal to 0, the training packet generatedby the first device does not include the new STF or the new CEF. Itshould be noted that, because the training field is generated based onbandwidth of a single channel, in a possible embodiment, a samplingpoint interval of the training field is Tc=0.57 nanoseconds (ns), whichis the same as single carrier chip time in IEEE 802.11ad, or a samplingpoint interval of the training field is Ts=0.38 ns, which is the same asOFDM mode sampling time in IEEE 802.11ad.

The training field generated by the first device may be in a trainingfield format in IEEE 802.11ad, and may include an AGC field and atraining sequence (TRN) field. The AGC field may be used for AGC gainestimation, and the TRN field may be used for beam training. Likewise,the training field generated by the first device may alternatively be ina format of a training field newly defined in the IEEE 802.1layprotocol. Any format can be supported by this embodiment of thisapplication provided that a length of a core Golay sequence is notchanged. That is, the training field generated by the first device stillincludes only the following several Golay sequences, Ga64, Gb64, Ga128,and Gb128, and a specific format of the training field is not limitedherein.

For example, the AGC in IEEE 802.11ad includes Ga64 or Gb64, and the TRNincludes a plurality of TRN units. Each TRN unit includes one CEF andfour receiver/transmitter training (TRN-T/R), and includes a pluralityof Ga128 and Gb128. The CEF is in a same format as the CEF in thepreamble, and a sampling point interval is Tc=0.57 ns. A new trainingfield format may be defined in IEEE 802.11ay to further improve beamtraining efficiency.

An advantage of designing the training field using this method is thatreceiver complexity can be reduced. Because formats of training fieldson a plurality of channels do not vary with a channel quantity,regardless of the channel quantity, the formats of the training fieldson the channels are each provided in a form of a single channel, andonly training field lengths may be different. No new Golay sequence isintroduced, and no correlator based on the new Golay sequence needs tobe newly designed. Therefore, when the plurality of channels are bonded,no correlator based on the new Golay sequence needs to be introducedduring beaming training. Only beam training apparatuses on a pluralityof single channels are required to support beam training on a pluralityof channels. There is no need to design, based on the channel quantity,a plurality of correlators based on Golay sequences of differentlengths, for example, G256, G512, and G1024.

In this embodiment of this application, the channel may be a channelthat is stipulated in IEEE 802.11 series protocols. For example, channeldivision in IEEE 802.11ad is used as an example, and a channel on a 60GHz frequency band is divided into four channels: 57.24 to 59.4 GHz,59.4 to 61.56 GHz, 61.56 to 63.72 GHz, and 63.72 to 65.88 GHz. Duringsingle channel transmission, bandwidth occupied by the first device forsending is less than channel bandwidth, and unoccupied bandwidth on bothsides of the channel bandwidth is guard bandwidth. An SC mode is used asan example. Bandwidth occupied in a channel by the first device forsending is 1.760 GHz, and there is guard bandwidth of (2.16−1.76)/2=0.2GHz on each side of the channel. If two adjacent channels are bonded, anintermediate 400 megahertz (MHz) guard band may be used fortransmission. In this case, bandwidth of a wideband channel obtainedafter the two channels are bonded is 1.760+0.4+1.76=3.92 GHz. Certainly,there may be more than four channels. With opening of a 60 GHz frequencyband, more channels may be used for transmission, and this is notlimited in this embodiment of this application.

In IEEE 802.11ay, a throughput may be improved using the following twotransmission bandwidth increasing methods One method is to directlyextend a single channel into a plurality of parallel channels, forexample, a channel aggregation (CA) technology, and the other method isthat a guard band between adjacent channels is used in addition toextending a single channel into a plurality of parallel channels, forexample, a CB technology.

For example, FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of multi-channeltransmission according to an embodiment of this application. FIG. 4Aincludes four adjacent channels a channel 1 to a channel 4. A firstdevice may use each of the four channels as a separate channel, andperform transmission simultaneously on each channel. A channel in IEEE802.11ad is used as an example. The first device occupies only a part ofbandwidth (for example, 1.760 GHz) of each channel for sending, that is,transmission bandwidth is extended using a CA technology.

For example, FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of another multi-channeltransmission according to an embodiment of this application. FIG. 4Bincludes four adjacent channels a channel 1 to a channel 4. The firstdevice may also send data on one wideband channel formed after the fourchannels are bonded. Further, with reference to FIG. 4B, a channel usedby the first device for sending is a wideband channel including the fourchannels and guard bandwidth between the four channels, that is,transmission bandwidth is extended using a CB technology. The firstdevice may alternatively perform transmission on two separate channels(the channel 1 and the channel 4) in the four channels and one bondedwideband channel (the channel 2 and the channel 3 are bonded). Further,with reference to FIG. 4A, FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of a channelaccording to an embodiment of this application. In FIG. 4C, channelsused by the first device are the channel 1, the channel 4, and awideband channel (including the channel 2, the channel 3, and guardbandwidth between the channel 2 and the channel 3).

In this embodiment of this application, regardless of whether the firstdevice sends the data field using the guard bandwidth between at leasttwo adjacent channels in the N channels, the first device sends thetraining field to the at least one second device using at least one ofthe N channels.

For example, the first device may send the training field only on one ofthe N channels. The first device may alternatively send the trainingfield on each of the N channels.

In this embodiment of this application, before sending the trainingfield, the first device may notify the second device of information suchas a length of the training field and an occupied channel.

In a possible implementation, the first device indicates the length ofthe training field by reinterpreting some fields in the legacy header.The legacy header includes a training length field, and the first devicemay reinterpret the training length field as a length of a trainingfield that is sent on a same channel as the legacy header. That is, itimplicitly indicates whether there is a training field on the channel.If a field length is non-zero, it indicates that a training field issent on the channel, otherwise, it indicates that no training field issent on the channel.

For example, if the training field generated by the first device is inthe training field format in IEEE 802.11ad, the training field includesthe AGC field and the TRN field. The AGC field may be used for AGC gainestimation, and the TRN field may be used for beam training. When thetraining length field in the legacy header is W, it indicates that thereare 4×W sub-fields in an AGC field that is sent on a same channel as thelegacy header, and that there are W TRN units in a TRN field that issent on a same channel as the legacy header.

The legacy header further includes a packet type field, which is used toindicate a type of the TRN field. If the packet type field is 0×1, it isreinterpreted that a type of the TRN field that is sent on the samechannel as the legacy header is a transmit training (TRN-T) field. Ifthe packet type field is 0×0, it is reinterpreted that a type of the TRNfield that is sent on the same channel as the legacy header is a receivetraining (TRN-R). Likewise, the training field generated by the firstdevice may be in a format of a training field newly defined in the IEEE802.11ay protocol. Any format can be supported by this embodiment ofthis application provided that a length of a core Golay sequence is notchanged. That is, the new training field format still includes onlyGolay sequences Ga64, Gb64, Ga128, and Gb128, and a format of a specificsub-field is not limited herein.

It should be noted that the legacy header sent in this manner is notnecessarily repeatedly sent, because each channel may independentlyindicate the length of the training field that is sent on the samechannel as the legacy header. Therefore, a training length field in thelegacy header sent by the first device on each channel may have adifferent value. When all fields in the legacy header on all the Nchannels are the same (including that the training length field and thepacket type field are the same), the legacy header is repeatedly sent.In another possible implementation, the first device may carry, usingthe header, information about a channel occupied by the data field andinformation about a channel occupied by the training field. The headermay include data field channel indication information and training fieldchannel indication information, the data field channel indicationinformation is used to indicate the channel occupied by the data field,and the training field channel indication information is used toindicate the channel occupied by the training field. In a possibleimplementation, the data field channel indication information and thetraining field channel indication information may be carried in the newheader in the header. In a possible implementation, the data fieldchannel indication information and the training field channel indicationinformation may be carried in the legacy header in the header. In apossible implementation, the data field channel indication informationmay be carried in the new header in the header, and the training fieldchannel indication information is carried in the legacy header in theheader.

There may be a plurality of implementations for the data field channelindication information and the training field channel indicationinformation. In a possible embodiment, the data field channel indicationinformation may be a bitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquelycorresponds to one of the N channels. When a value of a bit in thebitmap is a preset value, the bit indicates that the data field occupiesa channel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit, and if thevalue of the bit is not the preset value, it indicates that the datafield does not occupy the channel of the N channels that corresponds tothe bit. Correspondingly, the training field channel indicationinformation may be a bitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquelycorresponds to one of the N channels. When a value of a bit in thebitmap is a preset value, the bit indicates that the training fieldoccupies a channel of the N channels that corresponds to the bit, and ifthe value of the bit is not the preset value, it indicates that thetraining field does not occupy the channel of the N channels thatcorresponds to the bit. When the training field channel indicationinformation indicates that the channel is not occupied, training fieldlength information in the legacy header is invalid. That is, thetraining field length information in the legacy header is valid onlywhen channel information indicates that the channel is occupied.

For example, the preset value is 1. In this case, when a value of a bitthat is in the bitmap and that corresponds to the training field channelindication information is 1, it indicates that the training fieldoccupies a channel corresponding to the bit, and when a value of a bitin the bitmap is 0, it indicates that the training field does not occupya channel corresponding to the bit. Certainly, the foregoing is merelyan example, and the preset value may alternatively be 0.

It should be noted that the correspondence between each bit in thebitmap and each of the N channels may be agreed on between the firstdevice and the second device in advance, or may be determined in anothermanner, and details are not described herein.

In a possible embodiment, the data field channel indication informationmay be a bitmap. The training field channel indication information maybe 1-bit information, which indicates a relationship between the channeloccupied by the training field and the channel occupied by the datafield, and implicitly indicates the channel occupied by the trainingfield. One possible relationship is that 1 indicates that the trainingfield is repeatedly sent on the N channels on which the data field issent, or 0 indicates that the training field is sent only on a primarychannel.

The first device may alternatively send the training field to the atleast one second device using preset H channels in the N channels. Inthis manner, the first device and the at least one second device need toagree on, in advance, a channel used to send the training field. In thiscase, before or after sending the training field, the first device doesnot need to notify the at least one second device of locations, on the Nchannels, of the H channels occupied for sending the training field.Optionally, in this embodiment of this application, the preset Hchannels are primary channels. That is, the first device sends thetraining field using primary channels in the N channels, and the primarychannel is a channel on which a beacon is sent.

In another embodiment of this application, the preset H channels are theN channels used for sending the preamble. To be specific, the trainingfield is repeatedly sent in a CA manner on all channels used for sendingthe preamble. Because the training field is sent on all the N channelsand lengths of training fields are the same, training field lengthinformation carried in the legacy header is the same. The first devicerepeatedly sends the legacy header in the header using the N channels.The first device repeatedly sends the training field using the Nchannels. In this embodiment of this application, the first device maysend the training field in a plurality of manners using the N channels,and detailed descriptions are provided below using embodiments.

When the first device uses a single antenna, the first device mayalternatively send the training field on each of the N channelsrepeatedly, and in this case, H is equal to N.

When the first device uses a plurality of antennas, the first device mayalternatively send the training field on each of the N channels usingdifferent antennas. It should be noted that, in this case, informationabout a transmit antenna on each channel may be carried by a physicallayer header, or may be carried by a field at a Media Access Control(MAC) layer, and details are not described herein.

In this embodiment of this application, data field sending bandwidth andtraining field sending bandwidth are decoupled. Regardless of whetherdata is sent using a CA technology or a CB technology, the trainingfield is sent using the CA technology. Complexity of measuring a deviceusing the training field can be reduced. Each second device needs onlyone radio frequency channel of single channel bandwidth to implementbeam training on a single channel. In addition, configurations of eachchannel for sending the training field may be different. For example,training field lengths may be different, and antennas for sending thetraining field may be different, thereby improving training fieldsending flexibility and beam training flexibility.

Before sending the training packet to the at least one second device,the first device may determine, using different methods, a channel usedfor sending the training field to flexibly configure beam training andmeasurement.

In a first possible implementation, when starting a BRP phase for thefirst time after an SLS phase, the first device determines that thechannel used for sending the training field includes all the N channels.In another implementation, during beam tracking, the first devicedetermines that the channel used for sending the training field is aprimary channel in the N channels, namely, a channel on which a beaconis sent.

In a second possible implementation, during beam tracking, the firstdevice determines the channel used for sending the training field is anyone of the N channels.

In a third possible implementation, when a quantity of communicationsantennas between the first device and the second device increases, thefirst device determines that the channel used for sending the trainingfield that includes a beam training field of a newly added antenna isany one of the N channels.

In a fourth possible implementation, when a quantity of communicationschannels between the first device and the second device increases, it isdetermined that the channel used for sending the training field is anewly added channel in the N channels.

In a fifth possible implementation, the first device determines, basedon channel information fed back by the second device, the channel usedfor sending the training field. The second device determines a receivingparameter of each channel based on a reference signal (including a CEFin the preamble, a guard interval field in the SC mode in the data, or apilot in the OFDM mode) received on each channel, such as asignal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an RSSI, signal quality (SQ), or a receivedchannel power indicator (RCPI), and feeds back the receiving parameterto the first device. The first device uses at least one channel withhighest channel quality in the N channels as the channel used forsending the training field. Optionally, the first device determines thechannel for the training field based on a BRP measurement request sentby the second device. The BRP measurement request sent by the seconddevice to the first device includes channel identifiers, and the channelidentifiers are identifiers of H channels in channels on which the firstdevice performs sending, or the BRP measurement request sent by thesecond device to the first device includes a channel identifier and anantenna identifier (which may also be considered as an identifier of aradio frequency chain). Because a hybrid beam (hybrid of a digital beamand an analog beam) forming technology may be used on a high frequencyband, a plurality of antenna array elements share one radio frequencychain. In a digital domain, the antenna identifier and a radio frequencychain identifier are in a one-to-one correspondence. An antenna arrayelement identifier in an analog domain is not visible in the digitaldomain, and is embodied using different antenna weighted vectors (AWVs).

With reference to the foregoing description, in this embodiment of thisapplication, N=2, M=1, K₁=2, P=2, J=0, and H=2 are used as an example.FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of training packet sending according to anembodiment of this application. In FIG. 5, a first device bonds twochannels, a channel 1 and a channel 2. The channel 1 and the channel 2are adjacent channels. A training packet generated by the first deviceincludes a preamble, a header, and a training field. The preambleincludes an STF and a CEF, and the header includes a legacy header. Thefirst device repeatedly sends the preamble using the channel 1 and thechannel 2, sends the header using the channel 1 and the channel 2, andrepeatedly sends the training field using the channel 1 and the channel2. Because the training field is sent on both channels and lengths oftraining fields are the same, training field length information carriedin the legacy header is the same. The first device repeatedly sends thelegacy header in the header using the channel 1 and the channel 2.

Optionally, the training packet generated by the first device furtherincludes a new header, a new STF, a new CEF, and a data field. The firstdevice sends the new header using the channel 1 and the channel 2, andsends the new STF, the new CEF, and the data field using a widebandchannel including the channel 1, the channel 2, and guard bandwidthbetween the channel 1 and the channel 2.

In this embodiment of this application, N=2, M=1, K₁=2, P=2, J=0, andH=1 are used as an example. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of trainingpacket sending according to an embodiment of this application. In FIG.6, a first device bonds two channels a channel 1 and a channel 2. Thechannel 1 and the channel 2 are adjacent channels. A training packetgenerated by the first device includes a preamble, a header, and atraining field. The preamble includes an STF and a CEF, and the headerincludes a legacy header. The first device repeatedly sends the preambleusing the channel 1 and the channel 2, and sends the header using thechannel 1 and the channel 2. The first device sends the training fieldusing the channel 1.

Optionally, the training packet generated by the first device furtherincludes a new header, a new STF, a new CEF, and a data field. The firstdevice sends the new header using the channel 1 and the channel 2, andsends the new STF, the new CEF, and the data field using a widebandchannel including the channel 1, the channel 2, and guard bandwidthbetween the channel 1 and the channel 2.

It should be noted that, in this case, a value of a training lengthfield in the legacy header sent by the first device on the channel 2 maybe 0.

In this embodiment of this application, N=2, M=0, K₁=0, P=0, J=2, andH=1 are used as an example. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of trainingpacket sending according to an embodiment of this application. In FIG.7, a first device bonds two channels a channel 1 and a channel 2. Thechannel 1 and the channel 2 are adjacent channels. A training packetgenerated by the first device includes a preamble, a header, a datafield, and a training field. The preamble includes an STF and a CEF, andthe header includes a legacy header and a new header. The first devicerepeatedly sends the preamble using the channel 1 and the channel 2, andsends the header using the channel 1 and the channel 2. The first devicerepeatedly sends the STF and the CEF that are in the preamble using thechannel 1 and the channel 2, and sends the legacy header and the newheader that are in the header using the channel 1 and the channel 2. Thefirst device sends the data field using the channel 1 and the channel 2.The first device sends the training field using the channel 1.

It should be noted that in this embodiment of this application, thetraining field sent by the first device using H channels may be receivedby at least one second device, and each second device may receive atraining field on at least one channel. When at least two second devicesreceive the training field, each second device may be instructed toreceive the training field on a specified channel. The first device mayinstruct, using signaling, each second device to receive the trainingfield on the specified channel.

For example, the first device sends the training field using threechannels, a channel 1 to a channel 3. In this case, the first deviceinstructs, using signaling, a 1st second device to separately receivethe training field on the channel 1 and the channel 2, and the firstdevice instructs, using signaling, a 2nd second device to receive thetraining field on the channel 3.

In step 303, the second device may listen on the N channels in order toreceive, on the L channels of the N channels, the training field sent bythe first device using the training packet.

Before receiving the training field, the second device may furtherreceive, on the N channels, the preamble and the header that are sent bythe first device. Optionally, the second device may further receive thedata field sent by the first device. Certainly, the second device maynot receive the data field, and this is determined based on an actualcase, and is not limited herein.

After receiving the preamble sent by the first device using the trainingpacket, the second device may obtain information such as packetsynchronization and AGC gain adjustment based on an L-STF in thepreamble received on each channel. The second device may further performchannel estimation on each channel based on a CEF in the preamblereceived on each channel. Optionally, the second device may perform,based on channel estimation on each channel, operations such asdemodulation on a header (including a legacy header and/or a new header)received on the corresponding channel to obtain a data field length andtraining field information such as a channel, a length, and a startpoint (an end point of the data field) of training field transmission.

The information such as the training field length and an occupiedchannel may be carried in the header (including the legacy header and/orthe new header), or may be implemented using predetermined channelinformation. For details, refer to the foregoing description, anddetails are not described herein again.

In step 304, the second device may perform channel measurement on the Lchannels occupied by the received training field, to obtain channelmeasurement results of the L channels occupied by the training field.

In this embodiment of this application, a channel measurement result ofeach channel may include at least one of asignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (also referred to as SINR), anRSSI, an optimal sector identifier, and channel measurement information(Measurement of channel).

Optionally, the second device receives a measurement result reportingrequest sent by the first device, and the measurement result reportingrequest is used to instruct the second device to send the measurementresults of the L channels to the first device.

After receiving the measurement result reporting request, the seconddevice sends the measurement results of the L channels to the firstdevice.

The measurement results of the L channels sent by the second device mayinclude a mode identifier, and the mode identifier is used to indicatethat a mode used for reporting the channel measurement results is anarrowband reporting mode or a wideband reporting mode.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment of this application, thenarrowband reporting mode means that the channel measurement results ofall the L channels are separately reported to the first device, and thewideband reporting mode means that the measurement results of the Lchannels are reported to the first device after operation.

If the mode identifier in the measurement results is used to indicatethat the mode used for reporting the measurement result is thenarrowband reporting mode, the measurement results include L channelmeasurement results and L channel identifiers, and one channelidentifier uniquely corresponds to one channel measurement result and isused to indicate a channel to which a channel measurement resultcorresponding to the channel identifier belongs. In a multi-antennascenario, the measurement results may further include an antennaidentifier.

If the mode identifier in the measurement results is used to indicatethat a mode for reporting the measurement result is the widebandreporting mode, the measurement results may include a weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and a maximum-probabilityoptimal sector identifier. The weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is determined based on Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, and themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier is determined based on Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels.

In this embodiment of this application, the weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio may be determined in thefollowing manner. An averaging operation is performed on the Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, to obtainthe weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

In this embodiment of this application, the maximum-probability optimalsector identifier may be determined in the following manner A sectionidentifier that is repeated for a maximum quantity of times in the Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels is used as themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier.

Based on a same concept, an embodiment of this application provides atraining packet sending apparatus, which is configured to perform theforegoing method procedure.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet sendingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

Referring to FIG. 8, the apparatus includes a processing unit 801configured to generate a training packet, where the training packetincludes a preamble, a header, and a training field, and the headerincludes at least a legacy header, and a transceiver unit 802 configuredto repeatedly send the preamble using N channels, send the legacy headerin the header using the N channels, and send the training field to atleast one second device using H channels of the N channels, where N isgreater than 1, and H is greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

Optionally, the training packet further includes a data field, and thedata field is located after the header and before the training field,and the transceiver unit 802 is configured to send the data field usingJ channels of the N channels and M wideband channels, where an i^(th)wideband channel of the M wideband channels includes K_(i) adjacentchannels in the N channels and guard bandwidth between the K₁ adjacentchannels, M is greater than or equal to 0,

${P = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{M}\; K_{i}}},$J+P=N, and J is greater than or equal to 0.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by the data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and when a value of a bit in the bitmap is a preset value, thebit indicates that the training field occupies a channel of the Nchannels that corresponds to the bit.

Optionally, the processing unit 801 is further configured to send thetraining field to the at least one second device using preset H channelsin the N channels.

Optionally, the training field includes only the following Golaysequences, Ga64, Gb64, Ga128, and Gb128.

Based on a same concept, an embodiment of this application provides atraining packet receiving apparatus, which is configured to perform theforegoing method procedure.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

Referring to FIG. 9, the apparatus includes a transceiver unit 901configured to receive, on L channels of N channels, a training fieldsent by a first device using a training packet, where the trainingpacket includes a preamble, a header including at least a legacy header,and a training field, the preamble is repeatedly sent by the firstdevice using the N channels, the legacy header in the header is sent bythe first device using the N channels, and the training field is sent bythe first device using H channels of the N channels, where N is greaterthan 1, H is greater than 1 and less than or equal to N, and L is lessthan or equal to H, and a processing unit 902 configured to measure theL channels based on the received training field, and determinemeasurement results of the L channels.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by the data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and when a value of a bit in the bitmap is a preset value, thebit indicates that the training field occupies a channel of the Nchannels that corresponds to the bit.

Optionally, after determining the measurement results of the L channels,the transceiver unit 901 is further configured to feedback themeasurement results to the first device, where the measurement resultsinclude L channel measurement results and L channel identifiers, and onechannel identifier uniquely corresponds to one channel measurementresult and is used to indicate a channel to which the channelmeasurement result corresponding to the channel identifier belongs,where each channel measurement result includes at least one of asignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, an RSSI, an optimal sectoridentifier, and channel measurement information, or the measurementresults include a weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and amaximum-probability optimal sector identifier, where the weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is determined based on Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, and themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier is determined based on Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels.

Based on a same concept, an embodiment of this application provides atraining packet sending apparatus, which is configured to perform theforegoing method procedure.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet sendingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

Referring to FIG. 10, the apparatus includes a processor 1001, a memory1002, and a transceiver 1003.

The transceiver 1003 may be a wired transceiver, a wireless transceiver,or a combination thereof. The wired transceiver may be, for example, anEthernet interface. The Ethernet interface may be an optical interface,an electrical interface, or a combination thereof. The wirelesstransceiver may be, for example, a WLAN communications interface, acellular network communications interface, or a combination thereof. Theprocessor 1001 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a networkprocessor (NP), or a combination of a CPU and an NP. The processor 1001may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logicdevice (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complex PLD(CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), generic array logic(GAL), or any combination thereof. The memory 1002 may include avolatile memory, for example, a random access memory (RAM), or thememory 1002 may include a nonvolatile memory, for example, a read-onlymemory (ROM), a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid-statedrive (SSD), or the memory 1002 may include a combination of theforegoing types of memories.

The processor 1001 is configured to generate a training packet, wherethe training packet includes a preamble, a header, and a training field,and the header includes at least a legacy header.

The transceiver 1003 is configured to repeatedly send the preamble usingN channels, send the legacy header in the header using the N channels,and send the training field to at least one second device using Hchannels of the N channels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greaterthan 1 and less than or equal to N.

Optionally, the training packet further includes a data field, and thedata field is located after the header and before the training field,and the transceiver 1003 is further configured to send the data fieldusing J channels of the N channels and M wideband channels, where ani^(th) wideband channel of the M wideband channels includes K_(i)adjacent channels in the N channels and guard bandwidth between theK_(i) adjacent channels, M is greater than or equal to 0,

${P = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{M}\; K_{i}}},$J+P=N, and J is greater than or equal to 0.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by the data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and when a value of a bit in the bitmap is a preset value, thebit indicates that the training field occupies a channel of the Nchannels that corresponds to the bit.

Optionally, the processor 1001 is further configured to send thetraining field to the at least one second device using preset H channelsin the N channels.

Optionally, the training field includes only the following Golaysequences Ga64, Gb64, Ga128, and Gb128.

A bus interface may further be included in FIG. 10, and the businterface may include any quantity of interconnecting buses and bridges,which further connect various circuits of one or more processorsrepresented by the processor and a memory represented by the memory. Thebus interface may further connect various other circuits, such as aperipheral device, a voltage stabilizer, and a power management circuit.This is well known in the art, and therefore is not further described inthis specification. The bus interface provides an interface. Atransceiver provides a unit for communicating with various other deviceson a transmission medium. The processor is responsible for busarchitecture management and general processing. The memory may storedata used when the processor executes an operation.

Based on a same concept, an embodiment of this application provides atraining packet receiving apparatus, which is configured to perform theforegoing method procedure.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a training packet receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

Referring to FIG. 11, the apparatus includes a processor 1101, a memory1102, and a transceiver 1103.

The transceiver 1103 may be a wired transceiver, a wireless transceiver,or a combination thereof. The wired transceiver may be, for example, anEthernet interface. The Ethernet interface may be an optical interface,an electrical interface, or a combination thereof. The wirelesstransceiver may be, for example, a WLAN communications interface, acellular network communications interface, or a combination thereof. Theprocessor 1101 may be a CPU, an NP, or a combination of a CPU and an NP.The processor 1101 may further include a hardware chip. The hardwarechip may be an ASIC, a PLD, or a combination thereof. The PLD may be aCPLD, an FPGA, GAL, or any combination thereof. The memory 1102 mayinclude a volatile memory, for example, a RAM, or the memory 1102 mayinclude a nonvolatile memory, for example, a ROM, a flash memory, anHDD, or an SSD, or the memory 1102 may include a combination of theforegoing types of memories.

The transceiver 1103 is configured to receive, on L channels of Nchannels, a training field sent by a first device using a trainingpacket, where the training packet includes a preamble, a headerincluding at least a legacy header, and a training field, the preambleis repeatedly sent by the first device using the N channels, the legacyheader in the header is sent by the first device using the N channels,and the training field is sent by the first device using H channels ofthe N channels, where N is greater than 1, H is greater than 1 and lessthan or equal to N, and L is less than or equal to H.

The processor 1101 is configured to measure the L channels based on thereceived training field, and determine measurement results of the Lchannels.

Optionally, the legacy header includes a training length field used toindicate a length of a training field that is sent on a same channel asthe legacy header.

Optionally, the header includes training field channel indicationinformation, and the training field channel indication information isused to indicate a channel occupied by the training field.

Optionally, the header further includes data field channel indicationinformation, and the data field channel indication information is usedto indicate a channel occupied by the data field.

Optionally, the training field channel indication information is abitmap, and one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the Nchannels, and when a value of a bit in the bitmap is a preset value, thebit indicates that the training field occupies a channel of the Nchannels that corresponds to the bit.

Optionally, after determining the measurement results of the L channels,the transceiver 1103 is further configured to feedback the measurementresults to the first device, where the measurement results include Lchannel measurement results and L channel identifiers, and one channelidentifier uniquely corresponds to one channel measurement result and isused to indicate a channel to which the channel measurement resultcorresponding to the channel identifier belongs, where each channelmeasurement result includes at least one of asignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, an RSSI, an optimal sectoridentifier, and channel measurement information, or the measurementresults include a weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and amaximum-probability optimal sector identifier, where the weightedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is determined based on Lsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of the L channels, and themaximum-probability optimal sector identifier is determined based on Loptimal sector identifiers of the L channels.

A bus interface may further be included in FIG. 11, and the businterface may include any quantity of interconnecting buses and bridges,which further connect various circuits of one or more processorsrepresented by the processor and a memory represented by the memory. Thebus interface may further connect various other circuits, such as aperipheral device, a voltage stabilizer, and a power management circuit.This is well known in the art, and therefore is not further described inthis specification. The bus interface provides an interface. Atransceiver provides a unit for communicating with various other deviceson a transmission medium. The processor is responsible for busarchitecture management and general processing. The memory may storedata used when the processor executes an operation.

Persons skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments ofthis application may be provided as a method, or a computer programproduct. Therefore, this application may use a form of hardware onlyembodiments, software only embodiments, or embodiments with acombination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may usea form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or morecomputer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a diskmemory, a compact disc ROM (CD-ROM), an optical memory, and the like)that include computer usable program code.

This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and/orblock diagrams of the method, the device (system), and the computerprogram product according to the embodiments of this application. Itshould be understood that computer program instructions may be used toimplement each process and/or each block in the flowcharts and/or theblock diagrams and a combination of a process and/or a block in theflowcharts and/or the block diagrams. These computer programinstructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, aspecial-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or a processor ofanother programmable data processing device to generate a machine suchthat the instructions executed by a computer or a processor of anotherprogrammable data processing device generate a device for implementing aspecific function in one or more processes in the flowcharts and/or inone or more blocks in the block diagrams.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerreadable memory that can instruct the computer or another programmabledata processing device to work in a specific manner such that theinstructions stored in the computer readable memory generate an artifactthat includes an instruction device. The instruction device implements aspecific function in one or more processes in the flowcharts and/or inone or more blocks in the block diagrams.

These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a computer oranother programmable data processing device such that a series ofoperations and steps are performed on the computer or the otherprogrammable device, thereby generating computer-implemented processing.Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the otherprogrammable device provides steps for implementing a specific functionin one or more processes in the flowcharts and/or in one or more blocksin the block diagrams.

Although some embodiments of this application have been described,persons skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to theseembodiments once they learn the basic concept. Therefore, the followingclaims are intended to be construed as to cover the embodiments and allchanges and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

Obviously, persons skilled in the art can make various modifications andvariations to this application without departing from the scope of thisapplication. This application is intended to cover these modificationsand variations of this application provided that they fall within thescope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalenttechnologies.

What is claimed is:
 1. A data packet sending method in a first device,wherein the method comprises: generating a training packet comprising apreamble, a header comprising a legacy header, a training field, and adata field located after the header and before the training field,wherein the header further comprises training field channel informationindicating a channel occupied by the training field; and repeatedlysending the preamble using N channels; sending the legacy header usingthe N channels; sending the training field to at least one second deviceusing H channels of the N channels, wherein N is greater than one, andwherein H is greater than one and less than or equal to N; and sendingthe data field using J channels of the N channels, wherein J is greaterthan or equal to zero.
 2. The data packet sending method of claim 1,wherein the legacy header comprises a training length field indicating alength of a training field sent on a same channel as the legacy header.3. The data packet sending method of claim 1, wherein the headertraining packet is a beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet used for beamtraining.
 4. The data packet sending method of claim 1, wherein thetraining field channel indication information is a bitmap, wherein onebit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the N channels, andwherein when a value of the one bit is a preset value, the one bitindicates that the training field occupies the one of the N channelscorresponding to the one bit.
 5. The data packet sending method of claim1, wherein H is equal to N.
 6. A training packet receiving method in asecond device, wherein the method comprises: receiving, on L channels ofN channels, a training field from a first device using a training packetcomprising a preamble, a header comprising a legacy header, the trainingfield, and a data field located after the header and before the trainingfield, wherein the header further comprises training field channelinformation indicating a channel occupied by the training field;receiving, repeatedly from the first device using the N channels, thepreamble; receiving, from the first device using the N channels, thelegacy header; receiving, from the first device using H channels of theN channels, the training field, wherein N is greater than one, wherein His greater than one and less than or equal to N, and wherein L is lessthan or equal to H; measuring the L channels based on the receivedtraining field; determining measurement results of the L channels;transmitting the measurement results to the first device; and receivingthe data field using J channels of the N channels, wherein J is greaterthan or equal to zero.
 7. The training packet receiving method of claim6, wherein the legacy header comprises a training length fieldindicating a length of a training field received on a same channel asthe legacy header.
 8. The training packet receiving method of claim 6,wherein the training field channel information is a bitmap.
 9. Thetraining packet receiving method of claim 8, wherein one bit in thebitmap uniquely corresponds to one of the N channels, and wherein when avalue of the one bit is a preset value, the one bit indicates that thetraining field occupies the one of the N channels corresponding to theone bit.
 10. A training packet sending apparatus comprising: a processorconfigured to generate a training packet comprising a preamble, a headercomprising a legacy header, a training field, and a data field locatedafter the header and before the training field, wherein the headerfurther comprises training field channel information indicating achannel occupied by the training field; and a transceiver coupled to theprocessor and configured to: repeatedly send the preamble using Nchannels; send the legacy header using the N channels; send the trainingfield to at least one second device using H channels of the N channels,wherein N is greater than one, and wherein H is greater than one andless than or equal to N; and send the data field using J channels of theN channels, wherein J is greater than or equal to zero.
 11. The trainingpacket sending apparatus of claim 10, wherein the legacy headercomprises a training length field indicating a length of a trainingfield sent on a same channel as the legacy header.
 12. The trainingpacket sending apparatus of claim 10, wherein the training field channelinformation is a bitmap.
 13. The training packet sending apparatus ofclaim 12, wherein one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to one ofthe N channels, and wherein when a value of the one bit is a presetvalue, the one bit indicates that the training field occupies the one ofthe N channels corresponding to the one bit.
 14. The training packetsending apparatus of claim 10, wherein H is equal to N.
 15. A datapacket receiving apparatus comprising: a transceiver configured to:receive, on L channels of N channels, a training field from a firstdevice using a training packet, wherein the training packet comprises apreamble, a header comprising a legacy header, the training field, and adata field located after the header and before the training fieldwherein the header further comprises training field channel informationindicating a channel occupied by the training field; receive, repeatedlyfrom the first device using the N channels, the preamble; receive, fromthe first device using the N channels, the header; receive, from thefirst device using H channels of the N channels, the training field,wherein N is greater than one, wherein H is greater than one and lessthan or equal to N, and wherein L is less than or equal to the H; and aprocessor coupled to the transceiver and configured to: measure the Lchannels based on the received training field; and determine measurementresults of the L channels, and wherein the transceiver is furtherconfigured to: transmit the measurement results of the L channels to thefirst device; and receive, from the first device, the data field using Jchannels of the N channels, wherein J is greater than or equal to zero.16. The data packet receiving apparatus of claim 15, wherein the legacyheader comprises a training length field indicating a length of atraining field received on a same channel as the legacy header.
 17. Thedata packet receiving apparatus of claim 15, wherein the training fieldchannel information is a bitmap.
 18. The data packet receiving apparatusof claim 17, wherein one bit in the bitmap uniquely corresponds to oneof the N channels, and wherein when a value of the one bit is a presetvalue, the one bit indicates that the training field occupies the one ofthe N channels corresponding to the one bit.
 19. The data packetreceiving apparatus of claim 15, wherein the H channels used to receivethe training field are primary channels that are preset in the Nchannels.
 20. The data packet receiving apparatus of claim 15, whereineach of the H channels used to receive the training field is a primarychannel on which a beacon is sent.